Program allowing a manufacturer to place Underwriters Laboratories Inc. labels on his products that have met UL requirements. A UL representative visits the manufacturing location to obtain samples of the products for testing by UL. In some cases, samples are also purchased on the open market for testing. The public is thereby assured that products bearing the UL label continually meet UL specifications.

A fast-drying clear or pigmented coating that dries by solvent evaporation.

A material made by bonding several layers of material.

A product made by bonding layers of wood or other material to a wood substrate.

Glass panels that have outer layers of glass laminated to an inner layer of transparent plastic.

A structural lumber manufactured from wood veneers so that the grain of all veneers runs parallel to the axis of the member.

A general term used to describe the source of artificial light. Often called a bulb or tube.

The area 18 inches (5490 mm) above or below the landing floor.

Heat involved with the action of changing the state of a substance, such as changing water to steam.

A force acting generally in a horizontal direction, such as wind against an exterior wall or soil pressure against a foundation wall.

Loads moving in a horizontal direction, such as the wind.

A water-based coating, such as styrene, butadiene, acrylic, and polyvinyl acetate.

The base material for the application of plaster.

Small openings at electrical boxes and plumbing, cracks around doors, loose-fitting trim and closures all create leaks that allow sound to pass through, reducing the acoustical isolation of a wall, floor or ceiling system.

Strip fastened to the bottom edge of a flush girder to help support the floor joists.

A steel plate set in grout on top of a concrete foundation to create a level bearing surface for the base of a steel column.

Selection of the most economical material and systems based on initial costs, maintenance costs and operating costs for the life of the building.

A method of building site-cast concrete buildings by casting all the floor and roof slabs in a stack on the ground and lifting them up the columns with a series of jacks and welding them in place.

A pane of glass.

Load-bearing members formed from light-gauge steel rolled into structural shapes.

See luminaire.

An electrical outlet to which a light fixture is connected.

Structural steel framing members made from cold-rolled lightweight sheet steel.

An amorphous substance that penetrates and surrounds the cellulose strands in wood, binding them together.

A white to gray powder produced by burning limestone, marble, coral, or shells.

A sedimentary rock consisting of calcium and magnesium.

Maximum height for design and construction of a partition or wall without exceeding the structural capacity or allowable deflection under given design loads.

Horizontal member spanning an opening such as a window or door. Also referred to as a Header.

Related to soils, the water content expressed as a percentage of dry weight at which the soil will start to flow when tested by the shaking method.

Part of the total load on structural members that is not a permenant part of the structure. May be variable, as in the case of loads contributed by the occupancy, and wind and snow loads.

Force provided by weight, external or environmental sources such as wind, water and temperature, or other sources of energy.

Carrying an imposed load.

Carpet formed by bonding the pile yarn to a rubber cushion.

Total horizontal area within the lot lines of a parcel of land.

The boundary line of a lot.

Subjective response to sound pressure, but not linearly related thereto. A sound with twice the pressure is not twice as loud. See Decibel.

Opening with slanted fins (to keep out rain and snow) used to ventilate attics, crawl spaces and wall openings.

A low-emissivity glass that has a thin metallic coating that selectively reflects ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths of the energy spectrum.

A surface coating used on glass that permits the passage of most shortwave electromagnetic radiation (light and heat) but reflects longer-wave radiation (heat).

Roofs that are nearly flat.

A product produced by harvesting, sawing, drying, and processing wood.

A person who inspects each piece of lumber and assigns a grade to it.

Lumber nominally less than 2 inches thick and 2 inches or more in width.

Lumber cut and dressed to standard sizes.

The size of lumber after it has been cut to size and the surfaces planed.

Lumber that has been mechanically tested to determine its stiffness and bending strength.

Lumber that is edge dressed to make close tongue-and-groove edge joints.

The size of lumber after it has been sawn to size but has not been surfaced.

Lumber that is shaped to a pattern or to a molded form.

Lumber that has not been surfaced but may be sawn, edged, and trimmed.

Lumber that is edge dressed to make a lapped joint.

Lumber intended to be cut up and used in some manufacturing process.

Lumber that is intended for use where allowable strength or stiffness of the piece is known.

A unit for measuring the flow of light energy.

A complete lighting unit consisting of one or more lamps plus elements needed to distribute light, hold and protect the lamps, and connect power to the lamps. Also called a lighting fixture.

the luminous intensity of a surface of a given area viewed from a given direction.

A photoelectric instrument used to measure luminance. Also called a light meter.

The emission of light not directly caused by incandescence.

The rate of flow of light energy through a surface, expressed in lumens.

The force that generates visible light express by candela, lumens per steradian, or candlepower.

A measure of the capacity of a material to transmit incident light in relation to the total incident light striking it.

A unit of illumination equal to 1 lumen per square meter.